Origin
Found across the Indo-Pacific, from East Africa to Hawaii, including the Red Sea and Great Barrier Reef. Prefers sandy flats, seagrass beds, and reef outskirts.

Visual & Functional Appeal
Recognized by its unique pattern—white “stars” dot the upper body while horizontal stripes sweep the lower half. Its chunky body, expressive eyes, and beak-like mouth give it an intelligent and animated appearance.

Purpose
Adds dramatic personality to large marine tanks. Helps control hard-shelled invertebrates in predator systems. Known for its interaction with aquarists and tendency to recognize regular caretakers.

Importance
A true centerpiece fish with long lifespan and complex behavior. Offers opportunities for enrichment-based aquascaping and fosters awareness around responsible predator fish care.

Included Resources
Needs a 125+ gallon tank (preferably 180+), smooth rockwork, soft substrate, and secure tank cover. Requires protein skimmer, bio-media filtration, and nutrient export system. Avoid sharp corals or decor.

Best Use Cases
Fish-only with live rock (FOWLR) tanks, predator tanks, or aquariums focused on large marine personalities. Not suitable for reef tanks or mixed nano setups.

Conservation Context
Not threatened but occasionally caught as bycatch or for the aquarium trade. As a long-lived fish, it plays an ecological role in regulating invertebrate populations on reef edges.

Ideal Aquatic Animals
• Large angelfish
• Groupers
• Triggerfish
• Lionfish
• Tangs (of similar size and temperament)
(Avoid crustaceans, coral, and small fish)

Region (A)
• Latitude: 0.7893° N
• Longitude: 113.9213° E
(Central Indonesia – Coral Triangle zone)

Region (B)
• Latitude: 15.1794° N
• Longitude: 145.7500° E
(Mariana Islands – Western Pacific fringe)