Freshwater

Catfish

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Southern Dwarf Oto (Hisonotus iota)

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Description

A tiny, lesser-known armored catfish from southern Brazil, the Southern Dwarf Oto is beloved by nano aquarists for its algae-eating utility and peaceful nature. With its subtle patterning and reclusive behavior, it's a quiet but valuable tank companion.




Difficulty Level

Intermediate Care

Region

Southern Dwarf Oto (Hisonotus iota)

Core Details

Highlights

Care Level

0

/ 10

Requires mature, well-oxygenated tanks with stable water parameters and low competition for food.

Environment Impact

0

/ 10

Often wild-caught in small regional habitats. Choose sustainably sourced stock when possible.

Origin
Native to the Chapecó River basin in southern Brazil, where it inhabits shallow, plant-rich tributaries with clear water, submerged wood, and plenty of flow.

Visual & Behavioral Appeal
Olive-brown with fine striping and armored plating, this fish blends into natural aquascapes. It hugs surfaces as it grazes, providing a steady, non-disruptive presence in the tank.

Purpose
Serves as a nano-scale algae grazer and biofilm cleaner. Helps control soft algae and maintains surface cleanliness on leaves, glass, and hardscape.

Importance
One of the few true nano Loricariids available in the hobby. Its small size makes it ideal for densely planted tanks or delicate aquascapes where larger algae-eaters would be disruptive.

Included Resources
Requires aged driftwood, botanicals, and a mature biofilm. Benefits from gentle current, shaded areas, and dense plant growth. Soft, acidic water improves longevity.

Best Use Cases
Perfect for nano tanks, blackwater biotopes, and peaceful planted aquariums. Compatible with shrimp colonies and sensitive fish species.

Conservation Context
Restricted to a narrow range in southern Brazil. Vulnerable to habitat disruption and pollution. Not commonly captive-bred; responsible sourcing is important.

Ideal Aquatic Species
• Ember and glowlight tetras
• Apistogramma and Dicrossus
• Dwarf rasboras and Boraras spp.
• Otocinclus and pygmy Corydoras
• Neocaridina or Caridina shrimp

Region (A)
• Latitude: -26.8221° S
• Longitude: -52.6034° W
(Chapecó River Basin, Santa Catarina, Brazil)

Region (B)
• Latitude: -27.2107° S
• Longitude: -52.6782° W
(Uruguay River drainage, southern Brazil)

How Many Can I Keep?

Get smart stocking suggestions based on your tank size.

e.g. 75 gallons (280 L)

Southern Dwarf Oto (Hisonotus iota)

Core Details

Highlights

Care Level

0

/ 10

Requires mature, well-oxygenated tanks with stable water parameters and low competition for food.

Environment Impact

0

/ 10

Often wild-caught in small regional habitats. Choose sustainably sourced stock when possible.

Origin
Native to the Chapecó River basin in southern Brazil, where it inhabits shallow, plant-rich tributaries with clear water, submerged wood, and plenty of flow.

Visual & Behavioral Appeal
Olive-brown with fine striping and armored plating, this fish blends into natural aquascapes. It hugs surfaces as it grazes, providing a steady, non-disruptive presence in the tank.

Purpose
Serves as a nano-scale algae grazer and biofilm cleaner. Helps control soft algae and maintains surface cleanliness on leaves, glass, and hardscape.

Importance
One of the few true nano Loricariids available in the hobby. Its small size makes it ideal for densely planted tanks or delicate aquascapes where larger algae-eaters would be disruptive.

Included Resources
Requires aged driftwood, botanicals, and a mature biofilm. Benefits from gentle current, shaded areas, and dense plant growth. Soft, acidic water improves longevity.

Best Use Cases
Perfect for nano tanks, blackwater biotopes, and peaceful planted aquariums. Compatible with shrimp colonies and sensitive fish species.

Conservation Context
Restricted to a narrow range in southern Brazil. Vulnerable to habitat disruption and pollution. Not commonly captive-bred; responsible sourcing is important.

Ideal Aquatic Species
• Ember and glowlight tetras
• Apistogramma and Dicrossus
• Dwarf rasboras and Boraras spp.
• Otocinclus and pygmy Corydoras
• Neocaridina or Caridina shrimp

Region (A)
• Latitude: -26.8221° S
• Longitude: -52.6034° W
(Chapecó River Basin, Santa Catarina, Brazil)

Region (B)
• Latitude: -27.2107° S
• Longitude: -52.6782° W
(Uruguay River drainage, southern Brazil)

How Many Can I Keep?

Get smart stocking suggestions based on your tank size.

e.g. 75 gallons (280 L)

Southern Dwarf Oto (Hisonotus iota)

Core Details

Highlights

Care Level

0

/ 10

Requires mature, well-oxygenated tanks with stable water parameters and low competition for food.

Environment Impact

0

/ 10

Often wild-caught in small regional habitats. Choose sustainably sourced stock when possible.

Origin
Native to the Chapecó River basin in southern Brazil, where it inhabits shallow, plant-rich tributaries with clear water, submerged wood, and plenty of flow.

Visual & Behavioral Appeal
Olive-brown with fine striping and armored plating, this fish blends into natural aquascapes. It hugs surfaces as it grazes, providing a steady, non-disruptive presence in the tank.

Purpose
Serves as a nano-scale algae grazer and biofilm cleaner. Helps control soft algae and maintains surface cleanliness on leaves, glass, and hardscape.

Importance
One of the few true nano Loricariids available in the hobby. Its small size makes it ideal for densely planted tanks or delicate aquascapes where larger algae-eaters would be disruptive.

Included Resources
Requires aged driftwood, botanicals, and a mature biofilm. Benefits from gentle current, shaded areas, and dense plant growth. Soft, acidic water improves longevity.

Best Use Cases
Perfect for nano tanks, blackwater biotopes, and peaceful planted aquariums. Compatible with shrimp colonies and sensitive fish species.

Conservation Context
Restricted to a narrow range in southern Brazil. Vulnerable to habitat disruption and pollution. Not commonly captive-bred; responsible sourcing is important.

Ideal Aquatic Species
• Ember and glowlight tetras
• Apistogramma and Dicrossus
• Dwarf rasboras and Boraras spp.
• Otocinclus and pygmy Corydoras
• Neocaridina or Caridina shrimp

Region (A)
• Latitude: -26.8221° S
• Longitude: -52.6034° W
(Chapecó River Basin, Santa Catarina, Brazil)

Region (B)
• Latitude: -27.2107° S
• Longitude: -52.6782° W
(Uruguay River drainage, southern Brazil)

How Many Can I Keep?

Get smart stocking suggestions based on your tank size.

e.g. 75 gallons (280 L)

Southern Dwarf Oto (Hisonotus iota)

Region

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